The Special Relativity theory describes the Aether physics as developed by Hendrik Lorentz, but with an alternative interpretation of time dilation (time travel) as opposed to Aether drift (space drift). The General Relativity theory is a very complex theory of calculus transformations based on the Bernard Riemann curvature mathematics, and which offers an accurate approximation for space density related calculations. The General Relativity solutions were quickly simplified to Newtonian type equations of exact accuracy by Karl Schwarschild, who read Albert Einstein's work while serving on the war front in Germany during World War I.

The Special Relativity theory is noteable for two assumptions (postulates), which are not substantiated by physical evidence. The General Relativity theory is accurate, but unnecessarily complicated in presentation. Furthermore, the General Relativity theory describes a space density gradient, rather than a time dilation or gravitational effect.

This chapter will first explore some of the more egregious abuses of mathematics used in the presentation of the Relativity theories, then provide a more detailed analysis of the logical errors of each theory, before presenting a simple and accurate physics presentation demonstrating how Newtonian type physics accurately predicts the circular deflection angle and angle of orbital perigee precession of objects orbiting other massive objects.

## E does not equal m

Energy is a unit. Mass is a dimension. Energy $$E$$ is composed of the dimensions of mass $$M$$ times length $$L$$ squared times frequency $$F$$ squared.

$E = M \cdot {L^2} \cdot {F^2} \tag{5.3}$

Modern physicists prefer to express the temporal demension as "per time" rather than as frequency.

Mass is not converted to energy and energy is not converted to mass. Mass is merely a dimension of inertia from which many different units are constructed. Mass is not an object; mass is the inertia dimension indicating that something is real, and that once established, the reality continues. Mass appears in units such as resistance, magnetic flux, capacitance and many others. The presence of mass means that these units are real and measurable aspects of physical behavior; it does not mean that resistance is heavy or solid. Heavy and solid objects do contain mass, but so do many other aspects of physical reality that are not heavy and solid. Understanding mass as merely a dimension of inertia is perhaps the greatest intellectual physics challenge for most people coming out of the 20th Century.

Physicists often refer to nuclear reactions on the Sun, nuclear power plants, and nuclear bombs as examples of mass to energy conversion. In the nuclear power plants the United States has been operating for 60 years, a high degree of precision applies to the measured amount of energy and material mass passed through the reactor. And yet, there is not one report available anywhere (that this writer was able to obtain) that presents the data from a nuclear power plant and shows that the mass of the fuel was exactly converted to energy according to $$E = m{c^2}$$. One would think that to prove Special Relativity theory, the data from a precisely monitored nuclear power plant would provide an abundance of evidence. Nevertheless, such data apparently does not exist.

EBR-II ReactorIn fact, there is evidence to suggest that more energy and mass comes out of a nuclear power plant than the mass of fuel that goes in. A Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (EBR-II at right) once operated for 16 years and produced more fuel in its byproducts than it consumed during its operation[3]. A violation of energy conservation seems to result, therefore a government employee or academic will not admit this. In practice, the scientific establishment forbids the suggestion of any violation of the energy conservation law even if the data suggest it. However, the Aether Physics Model shows that there is no violation of energy conservation, as the extra energy is angular momentum of dark matter converting to photons through the Casimir effect in the case for the electron. In the case for the proton, nuclear processes convert dark matter into visible matter in a manner similar to the Casimir effect, but applied to the proton.

When it comes down to truth, mass cannot be converted to energy because mass is a dimension at one level of reality, and energy is a unit made up of dimensions at a different level of reality. Any theory based on the assumption that a dimension of mass converts to a unit of energy has no foundation in the Aether Physics Model, nor in physical reality.

### Is time a dimension that can be traveled?

People who think we are traveling through time right now do not know what time is. Time is a metric, just like an inch on a ruler; only the time metrics are seconds, minutes, hours, etc. Time is a metric that measures duration; however, time is not the only metric for measuring duration. We can also measure duration with frequency; and in fact, all clocks are based on frequency even if we imagine the result in terms of a linear timeline.

There is no physical timeline where physical matter exists in the past, or where physical matter exists in the future. The only temporal reference frame that physically contains physical matter is the present moment.

Also, dimensions being metrics, cannot be traveled. Metrics are a measure of things that physically change in the present moment. Metrics, such as time, are not the things that actually move or cause things to move.

Time is more than just a metric. In physics, time is a metric, but in everyday life, time is the result of memory recall. The hippocampus region of our brain records memories, stores memories, and recalls memories. It is the mental act of remembering things that creates our perception of a mental timeline.

Memory is the ability to use the past in service of the present or future. Memory is central to our everyday lives and defines who we are. Without it, we are condemned to an eternal present. That memory persists after an experience suggests that an internal representation of this experience is stored in the brain and that later this representation can be reconstructed and used.[2]

People are so used to recalling memories that they actually believe the past is as real as the nose on their face. However, if you make the effort to physically track the past, you will find that you can only do so in your mind. The popular belief in a physical timeline is a mass hallucination.

Physical matter exists only in the present moment, and it continually changes in the present moment. If it wasn’t for your brain, you would have no reference for experiencing a past or future moment; physical or otherwise. In order for the present moment to exist, and not move toward the past or toward the future, the present moment must be an oscillation between forward time and backward time. Furthermore, this full-spin temporal oscillation of both forward time and backward time applies only to space. Physical matter has a property called half-spin. The half-spin nature of subatomic particles causes them to only spin in the forward time direction.

The half-spin does not refer to angular momentum or rotation of a subatomic particle; the half-spin refers to the temporal characteristic of the subatomic particle.

Subatomic particles exist in the present moment, but they spin in the forward time direction, and our brain records the action in the forward time direction as memories. When our brain recalls memories, we develop our perception of a linear timeline. No matter when or where we have our memories, and perceive a timeline, we are still right here and right now. We can never leave the present moment, but physical matter can change in the present moment.

Time cannot be traveled. Physical matter can endure in the forward time direction within the present moment, but we never travel to a future from a past. We are always ever only right here and right now.

The clocks on satellites are moving through a space density gradient, as quantified by the Riemann curvature mathematics. The space nearer the Earth has less density than the space at higher altitudes above the Earth’s surface. With more space density to move through at higher altitudes, clocks need to tick more per orbital revolution. Since the clocks always remain in the present moment, and because the clocks at different altitudes move through different densities of space, and also because linear time is a mental construct created by the brain, then there is no time flow and thus there is no time dilation (at least not in the physical world).

The clocks are not ticking at different rates; if they did, the clocks would be defective and unusable for physics. The clocks used in orbital experiments and altitude experiments are accurate to a second in billions of years. Since there is no physical timeline, and since there is a space density gradient, the difference of clock's measurements is due to the space density gradient within the Aether. In other words, the appearance of clocks with different times does not mean something happened to the clock ticking rate; it means something happened to the space that the clock traveled and ticked through.

Physicists, and indeed the world, confuse physical change with the concept of a physical timeline. The two ideas are mutually exclusive; either physical matter is changing in the present moment, or physical matter is static for each time frame along a moving physical timeline. There is no physical evidence for a moving timeline; furthermore, if each temporal reference frame were static, then there is no way to change the course of time through free choice or free will.

In a physical timeline, each time frame would be static and all the clocks in that time frame would read the exact same universal time code. Physicists would then have to explain how it is that the consciousnesses of all living things then pass through these time frames such that we experience change. Physicists cannot even quantify consciousness, let alone explain how consciousness could flow in perfect unison through the same sequence of time frames. And what is there in the physical Universe that keeps all the time frames in perfect sequence?

A timeline is a mental construct that the brain uses to make sense of change in the present moment.

## Entropy and Time Dilation

If time dilation were real then we would see physical evidence for the violation of the second law of thermodynamics.

If an object dilates into a different time frame, then this will affect the entropy state of the object at its original time frame. More specifically, if a physical object leaves the present moment for a different time frame, then the physical object would cease to exist in the present moment and would appear as a duplicate in a historical record.

No observation of a relativistic object experiencing time dilation has ever been demonstrated.

The use of atomic clocks in General Relativity experiments do not demonstrate time dilation. The measurement of the clock does change, but the clock itself remains in the present moment, and not as a duplicate of itself. There is no change in the entropy of the physical matter of the "relativistic" clock.

## The Absolute Speed of Photons

In free space, photons can move from one quantum unit of space to the next quantum unit of space only at the temporal oscillation rate of the quantum Aether unit. The quantum Aether unit oscillates between the forward time direction and the backward time direction at a universal fixed rate. Since electrons, protons, and neutrons have “half-spin,” and spin only in the forward time direction of the universal temporal oscillation, the photons produced by half-spin physical matter can only make progress in the forward time direction; and this sets the speed of the photons.

And so a physical interpretation of the speed of photons is that photons have the speed of c in the local space. Photons can only move at speed c in the space they are physically traveling through.

Unlike the perceptual speed of photons imagined by Albert Einstein, photons of the physical Universe depend upon physical processes. According to Albert Einstein’s view created by his postulates, the speed behavior of photons takes place within the perception of the observers.

Interestingly, the math works out for both the physical-based view and the observer-based view. The key difference is in the interpretations of the two views; photon speed being determined by the local space is interpreted in relative velocities as photons experiencing an Aether drift, whereas photon speed being determined in relative velocities by observer perception is interpreted as time dilation.

## Special Relativity Theory

The Lorentz transformations are not Special Relativity theory. In fact, the math for the Lorentz transformations was first developed by Woldemar Voigt in the late 1800s before Hendrik Lorentz developed these equations independently.

Lorentz developed a fluid Aether theory that superseded the fixed Aether theory envisioned by Albert Michelson. Lorentz hypothesized that the smaller than expected Aether drift measurement by Michelson and Morley meant that the Aether was dragging along with the Earth. You will read many scientists say that the Aether was disproved, and that the Michelson Morley experiment demonstrated a null result; this is false. Dayton Miller explains the facts here.

Lorentz applied the Voigt transformations to the actual measured Michelson Morley data to quantify the Aether drift in terms of Aether dragging along with the Earth, which is why the Voigt transformations are known as the Lorentz transformations. If it wasn’t for Lorentz quantifying the fluid Aether, Lorentz would not be given credit for these equations once the fact of Voigt’s prior work had been validated.

Special Relativity theory is the Lorentz transformations with two postulates added. The purpose of the postulates is to change the interpretation of the Lorentz transformations from an Aether drift theory to a time drift (time dilation) theory. Aside from the postulates, Special Relativity theory is a perceptual interpretation of Lorentz's previous work. Albert Einstein claimed that physical matter could exist in a past time frame, and that physical matter from the present time frame could drift (dilate) into a past time frame. The world has become filled with scientists who believe in time dilation since Albert Einstein, although no scientific observation has been made of physical matter physically existing in the past or the future.

According to Special Relativity theory, if there are three observers A, B, and C, and each observer is moving at different velocities, then each observer pair AB, BC, and AC will see the speed of photons as being the same within their own pair. Since each pair sees the speed of photons as c, and each pair are moving at different relative velocities, then the speed of photons (c) in a given local (physical) space must have different speed values for each pair. Essentially, the Einstein postulates are saying that the speed c is observer dependent and photons have no physical absoluteness in the local space. The effect of believing in Einstein's postulates is that the speed c being the same in all reference frames is a perceptual illusion with no physical reality.

There is ample physical evidence to demonstrate that space is absolute as a quantum unit, and that the rate of physical duration is exactly the same throughout the physical Universe. The fact that photons are always traveling at c, and traveling at no other speed, is itself evidence that time passes at the same rate for all physical matter, and throughout all space. If there were any truth to time dilation, then there would be examples of variable speeds of light throughout the open space of the physical Universe, which there are not. Further, if time dilation were real, then entropy and the conservation of energy law could easily be violated due to time-drifting physical matter.

Special Relativity theory belongs to only one person, Albert Einstein. The fact that he added postulates to the work of Lorentz means that he truly did create a theory different from the theory that Lorentz had been working on.

It is only a matter of time before physicists eventually have to concede that there is no physical evidence for a physical timeline such that Special Relativity theory could become a physical law. Without time travel, or any physical evidence of physical matter leaving the present moment and ending up in a different time frame, all the belief in Special Relativity by all the physicists who support it cannot change the fact that Special Relativity theory is just an empty hypothesis.

In the meantime, Albert Einstein’s General Relativity theory has proved that space affected by massive objects is absolute, which disproves Special Relativity theory by default. The fact that the curvature of space can be precisely calculated is indisputable evidence that space is a physical structure. As mentioned, Special Relativity theory is based on two postulates; the first postulate is that space is not absolute. Without space being absolute, the second postulate falls as a consequence; like a house of cards. The Riemann curvature mathematics describes the physical reality of space density gradients, and the effect of space density gradients on the path trajectories of inertial objects. No matter how many physicists claim that you can look at the Riemann calculated results in terms of Minkowski coordinates, the physical Universe will always disagree with that argument. Either General Relativity can be calculated in Minkowski coordinates, or it can be calculated in Riemann coordinates, but it cannot be calculated in both.

### The Postulates of Special Relativity Theory

The two postulates of Albert Einstein are not clearly specified in his own published paper, but it is widely accepted that the two postulates are:

1. Space and Time are not absolute.
2. The speed of photons is the same for all reference frames.

It is abundantly clear that space is absolute at the quantum level. The Aether unit is precisely quantified as a quantum rotating magnetic field equal to:

$A_{u} = \frac{m_{a}\cdot {\lambda_{C}}^{3}\cdot {F_{q}}^{2}}{e_{a}^{2}} \tag{6.27}$

where $$m_{a}$$ is the maximum mass that a quantum Aether unit can contain, $$\lambda_{C}$$ is the quantum length, and which both are verified by analyzing the Newton gravitational constant and the Schwarzschild radius. There is no question that a quantum unit of Aether, which is a quantum unit of space, is in face absolute. Futhermore, since the speed of photons is absolute and the quantum length is absolute, then the quantum frequency is also absolute. Therefore the physical Universe has a built in clock that is also absolute.

The fabric of space, as evidenced by the space density gradient of General Relativity theory, demonstrates that it is capable of being fluid and yet abides by physical laws, just as do all physical structures.

So space (including its quantum volume, maximum mass potential, maximum magnetic charge potential, and its quantum resonance) is absolute. And because space is also fluid, then it is possible for space to change its shape, drag with physical matter, stretch, and otherwise behave in a changing way; in other words, exhibit the property of Aether drift. If space is incorrectly treated as being relative, then space cannot be quantified as a structure of itself. When space is made to seem irrelevant and relative, then the behavior of matter in that space will naturally appear to break the rules of common sense.

The speed of photons is not dependent upon reference frames. Reference frames exist only in a human mind. There are no physical structures in the physical Universe that can be quantified as reference frames. Instead, the speed of photons depends upon angular momentum passing through a fabric of quantum rotating magnetic fields, one quantum rotating magnetic field at a time. Therefore, the speed of photons is absolute in the local space (i.e. as the angular momentum of a photon passes through each Aether unit).

The postulates of Albert Einstein are wrong! The postulates of Albert Einstein were developed precisely because Albert Einstein did not understand the quantum structure of the Aether; as the measurements required to quantify the quantum Aether unit were not yet available up to 1905. Arthur Compton identified the Compton wavelength in 1923. However, by then, it was forbidden by academics to question the validity of Albert Einstein's work, particularly after the Eddington observation of the total solar eclipse in 1919.

Despite the nonsense of Einstein’s postulates, the physics will still work properly if we take space and time to be absolute, and see the speed of c as being the same in all local space. In other words, there is an Aether fabric which has a quantum unit of space, and which photons travel at speed c through each quantum of space. After all, Albert Einstein did not change Hendrik Lorentz's mathematics, which Lorentz used to quantify an Aether that dragged along with the Earth.

## The Folding of Space

Subatomic particles, such as the electron and proton, occupy space. From beta decay, we can determine that a neutron decays into an electron, proton, and antineutrino. Through experiments it can be determined that when an electron binds to a proton by orbiting it, then the result is a hydrogen atom. However, a hydrogen atom and a neutrino are very different structures.

This suggests that the neutron is a bound electron and proton where the space of the electron folds over on top of the space of the proton. The result is that a neutron folds two units of space to produce a single unit of space. The half-spin nature of the electron and the proton remains in the structure of the half-spin neutron.

So neutrons are potential examples of folded space. Furthermore, the Schwarzschild equations for the deflection angle of light behind the Sun, and the angle of precession of the perihelion of planets around the Sun both are based on only half the mass of the Sun.

Half the mass of all normal matter, such as the Sun and Earth, is due to the presence of neutrons. Thus General Relativity theories quantifying the curvature of space via the Riemann curvature mathematics are likely describing the effect of the neutrons folding space. The folded space pinches the fabric of space and creates the space density gradient, which is quantified by the Riemann curvature mathematics.

## General Relativity Theory

Gravity is not a curved "spacetime." Gravity is a force as described by Newton’s gravitational force law. To twist the interpretation of the space density gradient of the Aether fabric into a gravitational explanation requires the Riemann coordinate derived curvature result to arbitrarily be viewed in Euclidean coordinates, which is fanciful nonsense.

General Relativity describes a space density gradient, as quantified by the Riemann curvature mathematics. The curvature of space does not mean that our day to day world is curved, but rather that the underlying matrix of our physical world is curved.

This is easier to understand by observing the flat screen world of area-time. The world of area-time takes place in a plane, just like the movies we watch on our flat screen television sets. Flexible, flat screen television sets are available on the market.

The flat screen world has two orthogonal length dimensions. However, as we are beings in a volume-time world, we can flex the screen while the movie is playing, and the flat screen world then becomes curved. However, regardless of the curvature of the flat screen matrix for the flat screen world, the movie does not change. Laser blasts from a storm trooper's rifle will not change targets even though the underlying matrix has been deformed.

Curving the matrix of the volume-time world does change the path trajectory angle around massive objects; however, all the path trajectory lines in the volume-time world maintain the appearance of being straight no matter how curved the volume-time matrix becomes.

Although there is a space density gradient around a planet, the planet itself and the objects on the planet’s surface all exist within the quantum Aether units of the space density gradient. The Aether's space density gradient matrix can be deformed, but everything that takes place within that matrix will still appear as though the matrix is Euclidean in nature.

The forces of gravity and the other fundamental forces still operate as in Euclidean space, but the fundamental forces can also operate on mass existing outside of the Aether fabric (dark matter halo of galaxies) and can bend space between two massive objects (a method of space travel not currently known to mainstream physics and which occurs naturally during total eclipses).

Within certain ranges (established by the Schwarzschild radius, speed of photons, etc.), the deformation of the underlying space density gradient matrix of the physical Universe hinders neither the physical Universe’s Euclidean nature, nor the physical Universe’s geometry.

If physicists wish to discuss gravity with regard to the path deflection angles and orbital precession angles around massive objects, then they need to pick one coordinate system to discuss these ideas in. Jumping back and forth between coordinate systems just to secure the end results of gravity and time dilation they are seeking is not sound physics. The space density gradient of Riemann curvature mathematics is not interchangeable with the Euclidean coordinates of the fundamental force laws. The Riemann curvature mathematics is describing what happens to the outer structure of the volume-time matrix, and the Euclidean coordinates are describing what happens within the volume-time matrix. (The Minkowski coordinates describe an imaginary physical timeline and is only relavent to science fiction movies.)

According to General Relativity Theory, light bends because of the effect of gravity on the surrounding space curvature. The problem with this concept is that gravity needs the full mass of two masses, yet both Einstein's and Schwarzschild's equations employ only half the mass of the massive object. There is nothing in space for the gravity to act on with regard to the mass of the object that curves space. It is simply assumed that the presence of a massive body will exert a gravitational portential, and then curve the space simply because the massive object has a lot of mass. The space does curve, but it is due to the space-pinching effect of the neutron content of the massive object, and it is not due to the gravitational potential caused by the total mass of the massive object.

When a second physical body (such as a comet) follows a path trajectory close to the Sun similar to the path of a photon, the second physical body is in fact, gravitationally affected by the Sun. After calculating the gravitational effect of the Sun on the second object in the path trajectory, the General Relativity calculation for the circular deflection angle must also be calculated and accounted for. Therefore, General Relativity cannot be a gravitational theory; it must be solely a space density gradient theory.

In the Aether Physics Model, the bending of light around a massive object has nothing to do with gravity. We recall that mass is directly proportional to the magnetic charge. As neutrons form from magnetic charge binding, Aether units fold and stretch the surrounding fabric of space inward toward the neutron. On a massive scale, such as around stars, the stretched space causes the space density gradient and the circular deflection angle.

### Experiment Proposal for the LHC

Just as the speed of photons is considered the maximum speed within the physical Universe, CERN should also determine through experiments the maximum length density (mass per length) within the physical Universe.

Based upon the validity of the Schwatzschild radius, the maximum length density should be:

$ldns_{0}=1.347\times 10^{27}\frac{kg}{m} \tag{5.3}$

This length density constant could be observed by stacking high energy neutrons into an appreciable mass and measuring the circular light deflection angle around the neutron mass.

Neutrons do not have electrostatic charge, but neutrons do have magnetic charge; and so it should be possible to magnetically construct miniature neutron “stars” even if only temporarily, and determine whether space is more curved around neutron-only masses, or whether neutron-only masses and normal matter (neutrons, protons, and electrons where neutrons make half the mass) produce the same space density gradient curvature.

Such an experiment should be essential for astrophysics and for those who study black holes and neutron stars.

It is the Aether Physics Model prediction that neutron-only objects produce twice the circular deflection angle than do normal matter objects. Furthermore, if this experiment demonstrates a higher circular deflection angle around neutron-only masses, then this is physical evidence that neutrons form by folding the space of an electron over on top of the space of a proton, such that the neutrons still occupies only one quantum unit of space. Such a construction of the neutron would explain the physical mechanics for how space is pinched to produce the Riemann curved coordinate system around massive objects.

Furthermore, this experiment would conclusively prove, or disprove, the existence of structured space (Aether).

## References:

[2] Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future; Susumu Tonegawa, Sheena A. Josselyn; 2020/01/03; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw4325